Physics Energy and Nuclear Power Station - 1584 Words

M11/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 22116510 Physics standard level PaPer 1 Wednesday 11 May 2011 (afternoon) 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES †¢ Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. †¢ Answer all the questions. †¢ For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on the answer sheet provided. 2211-6510 14 pages  © International Baccalaureate Organization 2011 – 2 – 1. M11/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX Which of the following contains one fundamental and one derived unit? A. ampere kilogram B. ampere coulomb C. joule newton D. joule coulomb 2. The current I through a resistor is measured with a digital ammeter to be 0.10 A. The uncertainty in the†¦show more content†¦A. kmc B. k mc C. mc . k D. 1 . kmc 13. A transverse wave travels from left to right. The diagram below shows how, at a particular instant of time, the displacement of particles in the medium varies with position. Which arrow represents the direction of the velocity of the particle marked P? displacement 00 2211-6510 A PB D C position Turn over – 8 – M11/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 14. The graph shows how the displacement varies with time for an object undergoing simple harmonic motion. displacement time Which graph shows how the object’s acceleration a varies with time t? A. a B. a t C. a D. a t 2211-6510 t t – 9 – M11/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 15. Light travels from air into glass as shown below. normal air glass Q P R S What is the refractive index of glass? A. sin P sin S B. sin Q sin R C. sin P sin R D. sin Q sin S 16. Which of the following electromagnetic waves has a frequency greater than that of visible light? A. Ultraviolet B. Radio C. Microwaves D. Infrared 2211-6510 Turn over – 10 – M11/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 17. One electronvolt is equal to A. 1.6 Ãâ€"10−19 C. B. 1.6 Ãâ€"10−19 J. C. 1.6 Ãâ€"10−19 V. D. 1.6 Ãâ€"10−19 W. 18. A battery of internal resistance 2 ÃŽ © is connected to an external resistance of 10 ÃŽ ©. The current is 0.5 A. 2ÃŽ © 0.5 A 10 ÃŽ © What is the emf of the battery? A. 1.0Show MoreRelatedRenewable and Nonrewable Energy Resources Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesRenewable and Nonrewable Energy Resources Energy is used as part of everyday lives and can be used in one form or another. Energy is about doing work and it is all around us. Animals need energy to live and machines need energy to work. Energy exists in many forms, such as: - Light - Heat - Electrical - Mechanical - Atomic - Chemical-etc. There are different types of energy resources. They go into two groups, which are Non-renewableRead MoreBong Ro8818 Words   |  36 PagesIB Questionbank Physics Energy, Power and Climate 1. In which of the following places will the albedo be greatest? A. B. C. D. A forest A grassland An ocean A polar ice cap (Total 1 mark) 2. A spherical black body has absolute temperature T1. 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Argumentative Essays Free Essays he term information overload is used to refer to a state of affairs whereby there is a disparity between the volume of information available to a person and the ability of that person to process that information. The inability to process all the available information can lead to dysfunctional consequences. The subject has been the focus of various studies that have focused on information overload in relation to: input overload, sensory overload, cognitive overload, content overload, information fatigue syndrome and the availability of excess information. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now From an empirical perspective the level of informational overload may be denoted by the volume of information which is available to a person and the ability of that person to process the information which is inherently affected by storage capacity limits and the human brain processing limits. †¦read more about Is consumer choice threatened by the unchecked nature of information overload on the internet? Compare and Contrast Essay Exampleby admin on Monday, December 12th 2011 No Commentin Essay examples Tags: Compare and Contrast, Compare and Contrast essay example, Compare and Contrast essay sample The address of President Lyndon Johnson to the University of Michigan in 1964 has been give priority in this document. The test of the success of the nation lies in the ability of the American people to exercise liberty and pursue happiness for the general population. These are the main pillars of the country’s life in relation to President Johnson. read more about Compare and Contrast Essay Example Never cry wolf, Nature and Human valuesby admin on Monday, December 12th 2011 No Commentin Essay examples Tags: Nature and Human values, Never cry wolf, Never cry wolf essay example Farley, Mowat’s â€Å"Never cry wolf,† is a book based on the research of the lifestyle of wolves in the Arctic Circle. Mowat uses his experience to educate the society of the social ills condu cted by the hunters towards the wolves. The book displays the risk that the wolf pack families face due to the human activities in the area. read more about Never cry wolf, Nature and Human values Environmental studies and Foreby admin on Monday, December 12th 2011 No Commentin Essay examples Tags: Environmental studies and Fore, Environmental studies and Fore essay There have been several environmental changes in the world recently occurring due to the pollution of the environment. Increase in production, manufacturing, the use of motor vehicles and basically dumping waste into the environment. †¦read more about Environmental studies and Fore How to cite Argumentative Essays, Essays

The Origin of Double Entry Case Study Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Describe the Key Historical Events that you think have Shaped the Development of Accounting. In your answer you should Justify why you have Selected your events. 2.Describe the 'Socially Constructed' Perspective of Accounting History. What Arguments and Evidence is there to Suggest that Accounting is Socially Constructed? 3.What Aternative Perspectives can be used to Explain the History of Accounting? Do you agree with these Perspectives? Justify your Position. Answers: Introduction History of accounting has always been a concern for many years and many researches and case studies has been performed on this subject. In this paper many issues have been explained on the basis of given article. The article is based on the origin of double entry concept in the accounting procedure. Article discusses how significant changes have been carried out in the process of changing the accounting system to the double entry concept. For this many key historical events have been explained that have shaped the development of accounting. After this, various socially constructed perspectives of accounting have explained in detail to understand the impact of social perspective in making the conceptual framework. Other than these alternate perspectives are also explained that helps in explaining the history of accounting. 1.Key historical events that have shaped the development of accounting the development of contemporary accounting can be regarded as emergence of single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping. Single-entry bookkeeping system was used by Italy merchants and also in Europe (Mann, 1994). The system can be defined as recording an accounting entry in only one account. Single-entry bookkeeping uses only personal accounts and does not recognizes other nominal and real accounts (Brown, 2006). The daily business transactions are recorded in the journal and from there are transferred to Ledger. The double-entry bookkeeping system was developed to overcome the shortcomings of single-entry bookkeeping. Double-entry bookkeeping system records every financial transaction in two different accounts. It is named as double-entry accounting system as every financial entry requires corresponding entry in other account. The main advantage of double-entry over single-entry system of accounting is that businesses can easily assess their profit or loss and capital. The historical events of developing single and double-entry have shaped the development of accounting as they laid the foundation of contemporary financial reporting. Single-entry bookkeeping system enabled recording of daily financial transactions and thus facilitated proper management of financial records (Mann, 1994). On the other hand, double-entry bookkeeping system overcomes the deficiencies of single-entry bookkeeping system that relatively ignored the concepts of capital and income. The single-entry accounting system was not able to produce a complete balance sheet or profit/loss statement as it cannot provide all the relevant financial information. The double-entry accounting system enhanced arithmetical accuracy and thereby reduced chances of occurrence of any type of error and frauds. Also, it allowed timely production of profit and loss statement and balance sheet. The accounting system of double-entry bookkeeping has become a powerful concept that till date underlies pre sent day recording of accounting and financial entities (Mann, 1994). 2.Socially constructed perspective of accounting history Socially constructed can be defined as theory of sociology and communication that develops the basis for examining the relationships that exist between the individuals in a society. The theory states that a society functions properly when its different segments such as social, economic and political functions properly by communicating with each other (Mann, 1994). The field of accounting has a long history and can be said to be socially constructed as it has being practiced by people from ancient civilizations. Thus, it can be said to be socially constructed as accounting information has a large impact on society as it facilitates in taking proper decisions. The accounting information impacts everybody and thus a large influence in society as it provides sufficient information about the profitability of industries and thus helps in taking critical decisions. The traditional use of accounting system by merchants and other people clearly illustrates that accounting is socially constructed. The system of single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping was practiced by people in ancient civilizations and is used in present times too for financial management (Mann, 1994). The field of accounting has traditionally played a stewardship role as it facilitates in developing historical records that helps in measurement of accounting profits. The history of accounting depicts recording business transactions by people from various civilizations through varying methods till the development of double-entry bookkeeping. Thus, accounting was used to develop a proper understanding of economic information and social communication. It plays a larger role in societal development through depicting the industrial development and growth and establishing relationship between various sections of the society. The information provided by accounting system such as single and double-entry helps in taking various important decisions relating to effective management of scarce resources. 3.Alternative perspectives used to explain the history of accounting The alternative perspectives that can be used to explain the history of accounting includes development of basic accounting theories such as generally accepted accounting principles. The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) emphasizes on adhering to historical cost and matching principles. The principle of historical cost states that assets should be held at historical cost of purchase. In addition to this, the matching principle of GAAP states that all revenue and expenditures should be matched in the financial periods of their occurrence only. The development of generally accepted accounting principles has largely helped in improving the communication of financial information. The GAAP principles forms a strong basis of historic accounting as these are the commonly accepted international accounting standards that are used from past till present times for financial reporting. GAAP principles are a standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting and reporting and are largely helpful for explaining the history of accounting. The alternative perspective of GAAP besides single and double-entry can be regarded as major approach for explaining the history of accounting. The GAAP principles were developed on the basis of double-entry bookkeeping system and overcome the shortcomings present in single-entry bookkeeping system (Edwards and Walker, 2009). The GAAP principles incorporated the method of accrual accounting that requires matching of revenue and expenses that was not present in single-entry bookkeeping accounting system. As such, it can be said that GAAP principles form alternative perspectives for explaining the history of accounting. Conclusion The overall analysis shows that there are many social and alternative perspectives that can be used to explain the history of accounting. References Brown, R. (2006). A History of Accounting and Accountants. Cosimo, Inc. Edwards, J.R. and Walker, S.P. (2009). The Routledge Companion to Accounting History. Routledge Mann, G. (1994). The origins of double-entry. Australian Accountant, July, 17-21.