Our Friends, Ourselves Essays - Friendship, Scout Prayer

Our Friends, Ourselves In the reading Our friends, ourselves by Steve Duck he tells us that there are four rules that characterize friend ship. The rules are to hold a conversation, not to disclose confidences to other people, what I think is important and to refrain from public criticism, and to repay debts and favors. These rules allow friends to be open, helpful, trusting, affectionate, reliable, respect our privacy and us and will do favors for us and return the favors that we do for them. The reality of functions one of the items listed that really stuck out was that we need friends to keep us emotionally stable. My own personal experience is when both my grandfathers were very ill. One had a heart attack and had to have bypass surgery and the other had to have his throat cancer removed. My best friend, who just happens to also be my boyfriend, was there to not only support and comfort me but to also comfort my family. It was hard on us because we were down here, my dad was in Rhode Island, and all this was going on in Pennsylvania. All we could do was wait by the phone. Eric, my boyfriend, told us everything would be all right. He kept us from thinking about it in different ways. And of course he was right and both of my grandfathers are still alive and kicking today. The relationship between friendship networks is: we need friends to keep us mentally healthy. It is important to find ways of keeping and gaining friends. We also have to recgonize the different needs that each friendship has for us. I agree with this claim because people who do not have a lot of friends or any at all, always seem to be depressed and exclude themselves from society. Like that video that we watched in class where that little boy died of loneliness. I really think that friends affect that type of situation. Private language, intimate relationships, and personal idioms have a function of being private understandings. Friendships and cultures are similar, because in different cultures they use different languages or different dialects. Friendships have routine behaviors it is more important for daily life in cultures. This article has shown the importance to have friends. True friends are always there for you through thick and thin as you should be for them. Speech and Communications

Transcultural Nursing

Transcultural Nursing Module 1 DQ 1 a. Mind-body connection There exist a profound connection between the way people mentally feel about themselves and physical body health status. Human body reciprocates the manner in which people think. When encountering an abnormal state of emotion, the body makes impeccable attempts to suggest something is terribly wrong.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transcultural Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a way of example, a mental disorder such as depression can also result to bodily ailments such as stomach ulcers and or hypertension among others, further providing pivotal evidence that there exists direct and subtle connection between the body and the state of the mind in an individual. Bad emotional health has the capacity to result to diminishing and or impairment of the immune system of an individual, the bottom line being that a direct link between the mind, human behavior and physical bod y health exist. Because of the extensive scholastic research that has found substantial evidence of the existence of mind body connection, virtually every leading clinic has a section dealing with mind-body health problems. However, people can deploy alternative interventions that can result to subtle improvement of personal wellness. Alternative interventions, as opposed to regular treatment approaches do not use medicines, but rather uses body supplements including minerals, vitamins and likes to treat ailments including chronic ones. They have found this approach incredibly effective particularly where convectional medicines proved ineffective. Eating well, conducting regular exercises and incorporation of vitamin supplements in the diet can improve personal wellness. According to the American Psychological Association, recommendation of such an approach appeared in the journal of American medical association. Research claims that those who incorporated vitamin supplements in the ir diets, conducted exercises and ate the right foods posses low probabilities of cancer and cardiovascular infections and as a consequence, their life expectancy raised by 5.8 to 9.5 above the rest of the population (2009, p.21).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More often, a person who employs alternative interventions to foster his or her health wellness has a better and healthier life. b. Self-assessment Tools I disagree with the results of the self-awareness test tools, which entangle administration of questionnaires, which permit a person to investigate and come into possession with vital information that can function as a signal of his or her levels of stress. The entire procedure has five levels, which upon administration; it claims that one comes into cognition of not only his stresses as previously mentioned but also aid in fostering personal wellness. A scor e of less than zero predicts that one is going through a condition of depleted energy. Consequently, the afflicted person needs to visit a healthcare center for preventive emotional services. Even though, this may stand out as essential, I raise queries on the precision of the tests to warrant expenditure on emotional health concerns bearing in mind no information on physical, symptoms is required in the assessments process. Could the tests be administrated through quantitative approaches, the results of the tests would be crucial since they have the capacity to translate to discovery of specific areas in which one may need to put amicable efforts in an attempt to ensure healthy state of emotions management. This is particularly pertinent since people deserve to explore whether their efforts that render into a healthy state of wellness both emotionally and spiritually bear fruits. In addition, there is the claim that, the results of the tests also aid in the personalization of strat egies that can result in subtle state of emotional balance through gaining accessibility to resources deemed appropriate for ensuring incredible pursuits of wellness goals. The scoring instrument records a score of 70-85 as an indication of a cute life in terms of wellness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transcultural Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The score shows that there is a proper flow of energy within the system surrounding an individual. For proper management of emotions, it is desirable for an individual to be at a position to conceive and interpret stimuli from the surroundings, flow of energy as indicated by this score, is essential for an overall condition of wellness. In addition, self-assessment tools claim to enable people to come into cognition with their conceived values: something essential for the inculcation of leadership skills and aid in identification of personal styles of learning. Even though this is essential since personal wellness starts with information acquisition and possession of the ability to screen out information to control one’s life in the right direction, the prescribed change of behaviors in an attempt to comply with the necessary alignments proposed by self-assessment test results is intriguing. Behaviors that dictate the reasoning and the capacity of an individual to analyze information are deeply rooted within the societal norm. It is particularly hard to establish a common platform within which to peg the corrective strategies advocated for by the scoring instruments of the self assessment tools in an attempt to inculcate the spirit of ‘self wellness’ in an individual. DQ2. Treatment of prevalent disorders using alternative interventions in the US Major depressive disorders constitute one of the prevalent disorders in the US. People can accomplish treatments of the disorder using alternative interventions using techniqu es of the mind and the body as well as by use of supplements. However, patients need to take into corporation the anticipated pros and cons before choosing alternative therapies as most clinicians do not advocate for substitution of Medicare with alternative interventions when it comes to complicated depressive disorder. However, they have deployed several mineral and vitamin supplements in the treatment of depressions. According to Mayo Clinic Staff (2010), Hypericum perforatum has for a long time has been in use for treat prevalent disorders including depression even though it has remained unregistered by the United States’ food and drug administration (Para. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mayo Clinic Staff further proposes other alternative interventions such as use of SAMe and Omega-3 fatty acids (Para. 3). Body-mind connection intervention techniques such as massage therapy, Yoga or even acupuncture among others may help much to facilitate the regaining of harmony between the mind and the body: something vital for cute personal maintenance of healthy conditions. Module 2 DQ1. The concept of holism Written by Lai and Hsieh, the article ‘Alternative Nursing Interventions for Facilitating Holistic Nursing Based on Eastern Philosophy reveals how the concept of holism entangles a belief or a perception that people have that one cannot explore the existing characteristics of systems sufficiently through the exploration of parts characteristics alone (2003, p. 14). The article defines the concept of holism as all those practices and approaches that contribute to overall healing of a person as a whole. Since the initial use of the concept by Jan smut, a South African diplomat, people have coined the concept in both conventional medicine and alternative medicine. In the conventional medicine, the concept treats psychological, biological and social factors as equally vital in the sphere of vigorous health and wellness. The implication is that any disharmony in any of the constituent element of the entire system causes devastating effects on the system in wholesome. Alternatively, in alternative interventions, people apply the holistic concept to place incredible concern to the significance of an individual’s emotional, spiritual constituents, mental and or physical sub elements contribution to the entire individual’s health and the process of healing. A comprehensive study of the identified sub elements is vital especially while coupled with the belief that a whole system stands out more crucial than all of the parts of the entire whole added up together (Lai Hsieh, 2003, p.17). Eliopoulos, on the other hand, outlines osteopathy, u nani medicine, reflexology, homotherapy, chiropractic medicine, nuropathetic medicine (2010, p.56) among others, as some of the examples of holistic alternative interventions to ailment treatments. DQ2. Martha Rogers’ philosophy on holism, â€Å"The Science of Unitary Human Beings† The Science of Unitary Human Being theory forms the platforms on which therapeutic touch nursing concepts predominantly depend. The theory is a product of Martha Rogers work in 1975: Seeds of Conceptual Frame Work. The theory advocates for a shift from the old medical models to adoption of new nursing models. The theory in addition, posses challenges to the conventional nursing models which are seen as reductionist and analytic and entangles approaches that entails breakdown of nursing challenges and then subsequently rearranging them logically (Adams, 1993, p.1). Science of unitary being theory, considers human beings as fields of energy but rather, they do not possess energy by themselves (Adams, 1993, p.1). The theory also considers the environment, which constitutes the home in which the human live in as being in a continuous state of change. Humans and the environment consequently interchange energy as the changes take place between the two. Lastly, the theory considers the force of universal order as the substantive force, from which all the energy field emanates. A professional living in an environment, which has the capacity to influence the fruits of the procedure, comes in handy in conducting a therapeutic touch. Since the health professional is part of the environment, consequently the professional in one way or another is a key contributor of the overall TT process success. The application of the philosophy of Unitary of Human Beings in nursing practices, results to complex interactions with the intervention of therapeutic touch (TT). People regard therapeutic touch as entailing interactions of varying energy field in which the responsibility accorded to th e medical health practitioner entangles promoting pain reduction and bringing about feelings of the relaxations to the patient (Adams, 1993, p.1). Consciousness of the medical practitioner, as repercussion forms an essential component in the entire patient’s mental process of relaxation. According to many scholastic views, the theory of science of unitary human being lay theoretical basements for transfer of energy deemed vital in TT. To unveil the efficacy of vivid interactions existing between the two clinically, demand a substantial and critical scrutiny of terms such as ‘pattern’, ‘field’ and ‘energy’ which are utilized throughout the Rogers’ theory. With regard to Rogers’ theory, during the course of the administration of therapeutic touch, the practitioner conducts balancing and replenishment of energy by inculcation of strategies, which are facilitative of regulation of processes of environment and human. However, ma ny scholars, antagonistic to Rogers’s theory considerably criticize the interrelationship between environmental and human energy. They claim that Rogers deploy abstract terms with the principle intention to cause perception of existence of such a relationship. In addition, definitions and explanations coined from TT interventions do not concur with Rogers’ definitions. Overall, the concepts of the theory of Unitary Human Beings and TT concept turn out neither precisely analogous nor congruent. Consequently, anti-Rogers claim that the advocates of Rogers’s theory should not place a claim that Rogers’s theory provides subtle ground on which to peg the therapeutic interventions theoretical perspectives. The opinion of TT interventions as not employing direct touch or use of chemicals, hikes interrogatives on its exact mechanisms of operation. Perhaps, this may explain why the modern interventions have resulted to the deployment of modern physics concepts in an attempt to provide amicable explanations of the exact criteria of action towards therapeutic touch. References Adams, J. (1993). Therapeutic Touch-Principles and Practice. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 1(1), 1-3. American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Eliopoulos, C. (2010). Invitation to holistic health: A guide to living a balanced life, (2nd ed.).Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Lai, H., Hsieh, M. 2003. Alternative Nursing Interventions for Facilitating Holistic Nursing Based on Eastern Philosophy. Alternative Nursing Interventions, 2(1), pp 13-19. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011). Depression: Alternative Medicine. Retrieved From  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

Write an Argumentative Outline with Ease!

Write an Argumentative Outline with Ease! Want to Know How to Write an Outline for an Argumentative Essay? An argumentative essay is quite a common task, which is assigned at both high school and college. It aims to show the tutor how students are able to study the topic, gather information, process it and provide strong evidence on a given subject. This task requires lots of energy and time, so we have decided to collect information on the key elements and features, which your argumentative paper outline should possess. During the working process, you need to study all the arguments and choose the side you are on. This may require lots of sleepless nights, as the volume of information may be very impressive. However, it doesn’t mean that a first-class argumentative essay is a huge challenge. We offer you an article, which will answer all of your questions and you will be able to create an outline that will reflect all of your ideas in a clear and brief manner. Proper structure Any time you need to start something new, you feel nervous and think that the task is too complicated. Let us assure you that after reading this guide you will find the whole process quite simple and won’t need to stress out. Your outline should consist of equally important sections, which aim to show the tutor what you stand on. These sections include: Introduction; Working on arguments; Discrowning opponent’s arguments; Conclusions. Let us take a closer look at every section. Just make yourself comfortable and continue reading! Introduction You probably know a popular saying that you won’t get a second chance to make a first impression. It greatly reflects the whole deal with the introductory section, as it can easily catch the reader’s interest or make him want to drop your essay at once. As any other paper, an argumentative introduction should consist of the hook, basic information and a thesis statement. The hook is the first sentence you read and it has a huge impact on the number of audience you will have. You will probably agree that you will likely stop reading an article or a book if the beginning is boring or uninteresting. The same applies to your essay and you need to make your hook as catchy, as possible. Here are the things you may use as a hook: Quotes of famous people or characters; Anecdotes if your topic is entertaining and doesn’t require an academic tone; A question, which will intrigue the reader; A misconception; A fact or statistics, which will surprise the audience. After the hook, you should proceed with the basic information on the subject. To make the whole process much simpler, you should try to answer the following questions: Who may consider this topic important? What matter are you going to talk about? Why you think the topic is important? You need to finish your introduction with a thesis statement, which should be not more than two sentences long. It should give the reader a chance to understand what your essay is about. It should be performed in a form of a statement about the general idea of the whole paper. Don’t forget to include your personal opinion on the subject to give the reader a chance to understand what side you are on. Remember, most of the readers pay great attention to the thesis statement, so it is crucial to make it specific, focused, clear and readable, and correspond with the main goals of your argumentative essay. Don’t forget that your thesis is not a title and shouldn’t become an absolute statement. It is the quintessence, the general idea of your work and can become your biggest strength if prepared thoughtfully. Working on the arguments Now, when your introductory section is ready, it is necessary to work on the arguments. The second section of your essay should consist evidence, which will support all of your arguments on a given topic. You should start every paragraph with the claim. It is the central part of your essay and has a great effect on the flow of your whole work. Your claims should be catchy, strong and interesting, as they form your arguments and give the reader an idea of what principles you stand for. The main goal of a claim is to determine the direction and the scope of the paper. However, it is quite simple to make such a statement: think of the subject and audience to choose a proper argument. When this part is ready, go on to providing the evidence. Every claim of your essay should be backed by evidence. This means that the reader should see that your argument is credible, valid and trustworthy. You need to process huge volumes of information to find facts, statistics, researches and so on. Once your outline is ready, you will get an idea of what claims to include to your text and you can start working on finding a proper evidence. Search for academic papers online, at libraries or ask your tutor for some materials. Remember, a claim, which is not backed with evidence, is pointless. You need to prove your point of view and give the audience a chance to see that you have completed a thorough research. They need to be sure that your arguments are strong and valid to believe you. Discrowning opponent’s arguments One of the biggest mistakes any student makes, while completing an argumentative essay is that he works only on his arguments and a proper evidence. He just supports one claim after another, trying to persuade the reader to support his point of view. However, such attitude is far from a proper one, as an argumentative essay is all about giving the audience a chance to see not only your position on the matter but also to get familiar with the opposite thoughts. That is why in the third section you need to prove arguments of your opponents and try to debunk them. It is quite a simple task, as you will have access to multiple sources, both offline and online. Try to get reliable information or find out weak places in opposite arguments to uncrown them. The structure of this section is quite similar to the previous one. Your paragraphs should start with a claim or an argument followed by your evidence why the statement is incorrect. Using such techniques, you will prove the reader that your point of view is correct. While giving the reader a chance to get familiar with both sides, you help yourself to prove you are right and earn respect and trust of the audience. In addition, you will look noble because of including other opinions to your argumentative essay. Don’t forget that this section should also be backed with trustworthy sources, proper references and credible statistics. Conclusions Once your introduction and evidence sections are ready, you can take a deep breath and have a break. Pour yourself some coffee, go for a walk and relax. Once you have a proper rest, proceed with working on the final section. It is a well-known fact that your conclusions play a crucial part in the final impression from the work. However, most of the students still neglect this section, thinking that no one ever reads it. If you want to make your conclusions flawless, you need to remember that they should consist of three parts: Restatement of your arguments; A short summary of the whole work and the thesis statement; A statement of the benefits and of a positive impact of the arguments on the society. Here you can also make a sort of a warning what may happen if the reader doesn’t support your ideas. To make the paper look organic, try to make your conclusions the same size, as the introductory section. Never use the same phrases, as the reader may think that your paper is repetitive. Tips to remember Now, when you know how an argumentative essay is created and how its outline looks like, you can be sure to perform the task in the best possible way. However, there is always a cherry on the top and here is a list of advice, which you may use throughout the way: You need to understand the topic clearly before starting your work on an outline; Always consult your plan to make sure you include every important idea to your text; Provide only credible information, which is backed with statistics. Never make up facts, as they may be checked on a plagiarism software and you will have serious troubles; Use simple language and short sentences; Edit and proofread your paper a multiple times before you eliminate all the mistakes. As you see, an argumentative essay is not a task to be afraid of. It is just a way to provide evidence on a topic, backed with trustworthy information. To make sure you obtain high grades, simply use the outline, which was discussed in our article.

The Canterbury Tales Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Canterbury Tales Writing Assignment - Essay Example Later on, the Miller’s Tale tells a rather lustful and vulgar story of a Carpenter and his wife who deceives her husband with a clerk. Overall, the loathsome and vulgar character of the Miller surpasses the aversion of other characters from The Canterbury Tales. The Miller’s Tale effectively illustrates the lecherous personality of the Miller who narrates a lewd story of a carpenter named, John and his wife, Alisoun. John, who works as a carpenter rents out a room of his house to a student named Nicholas. Another clerk named Absolon is also there in town who later falls in love with Alisoun. The story exhibits a high degree of deception where Alisoun becomes involved with Nicholas as well as Absolon at the same time while her husband leaves town for a few days. At another occasion, Nicholas fools John of a deluge of the same intensity as that of Noah’s time. John climbs into a basket to save himself from the flood while Nicholas and Alisoun are spending time toge ther in their bed. At the same time, Absolon arrives and brands Nicholas upon which he cries â€Å"Water!† (Chaucer 3815). Upon hearing this, John cuts the rope to his basket and falls down. The townspeople arrive at the scene and laugh at John. The whole story of the carpenter’s wife, Alisoun cheating her husband by having an affair with two younger men at the same time represents an indecent and boorish side to the personality of the Miller. Thus, this example suggests the lecherous internal character of the Miller apart from his already obnoxious physical outlook. The Miller is a character possessed not only by a vile internal nature but also an outrageous physical character. The detail regarding the Miller’s activities and interests build on to his strong and physical personality. In the prologue, Chaucer introduces its readers to the Miller’s most regular practice of wrestling where he always wins the ram (548). His ability to break doors with his he ad (Chaucer 550-551) and the wrestling matches he has won demonstrate his strong physical capabilities adding on to his huge and disgusting outlook. Further details of his appearance reveal his unappealing outward image that makes him an ugly individual. The descriptions of ugly features including his red beard, huge physique, wart with tufts of hair, and huge dark nostrils display a repulsive character that conjures up horrific images in the mind of the readers. As a person closely observes the explanation of the Miller’s personality, it is not hard to picture a disgusting character with repulsive features that is dishonest and vulgar by nature. During his conversation with the Host prior to the narration of his tale, he announces that he is drunk and that he should be forgiven in case he says anything wrong. When he goes on to tell his tale, his story points out the immoral side of wives. The Miller’s huge personality along with his red beard and hairy wart represent a coarse side to the character of the Miller who although has a large physique but little intelligence. Apart from the Miller’s rude and ribald inclinations, he is also a dishonest man in his business. The Miller is not only a lustful and physically disgusting character, but also a dishonest man who tricks his customers by stealing corn or getting them to pay more (Chaucer 562). With the huge

The Minnesota Attorney General Can Sue The Mega Computer Chip Assignment

The Minnesota Attorney General Can Sue The Mega Computer Chip Manufacturer - Assignment Example The attorney general can sue the Mega Computer Chip Manufacturer in the federal court. This is because the United States Justice Department can use its powers to present antitrust cases that are criminal under the federal antitrust laws. The federal courts are able to show that the MCCM has a market share by number and revenue of chips sold at 80 and 90% respectively. Additionally, Original Equipment Manufacturers, a national company, has the responsibility of selling the MCCM chips. On the other hand, the Minnesota attorney general can sue the MCCM for antitrust and monopoly violation in the state of Minnesota. This is because the state can handle federal antitrust lawsuits. The state attorney can sue on the state’s behalf so as to rectify the wrong practices. Moreover, apart from compensating the federal and local governments, the state government will also be compensated in case a company is guilty of a violation. Monopoly power entails increasing or reducing prices of commodities or services for an unknown period without fearing to be undersold by those who can provide alternative services or goods. The Mega Computer Chip Manufacturer has monopoly power, and they use it. MCCM has policies that impose prohibitive burdens or costs on Original Equipment Manufacturers, who are the manufacturers of computers, and who fit in the chips in their computers. The MCCM’s monopoly power makes them have an effect on OEM’s prices since they can lower or increase the price of the chips and OEM cannot. Additionally, MCCM can inform OEM the number of chips they can use, pay them so that they do not use their competitors’ chips, and delay their competitors’ chips use (Cheeseman, 2011). A method of dispute resolution should be included in the contract. This will be helpful in the event of a disagreement (Cheeseman, 2011). Alternative dispute resolution methods should be adopted over courts. This is because it is more flexible, cost-effective, and faster than court trials. The resolution will take place in the state of Minnesota. Minnesota has the potential of handling court cases. In case the contract uses a court as a method of dispute resolution, the court in Minnesota can provide for a distinct jurisdiction or general jurisdiction.  

The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller Essay We soon see another side to Hale. Abigail mentions Tituba and Hale requests to see her. Hale is quite convinced on meeting Tituba that she is compacting with the Devil and that she has bewitched Betty. He orders Tituba to wake her but when Tituba says she cannot Hale turns angrier and Parris threatens her with whipping. It is not long until Tituba is drawn into making accusations with Abigail and certain names get repeated. Hale is now convinced that the work of the Devil is going on in Salem At the end of Act One, we see how much Hale has a very strong belief in God and that God is with the people of Salem because he announces, Glory to God! It is broken, they are free! Hale enters Act Two at the end. He is drawn a little, and there is a quality of deference, even of guilt about his manner now. He explains how the girls have mentioned Rebecca Nurse and he has just come from her house. He is now on the outside, absolutely certain that it is the work of the Devil going on in Salem, No man may longer doubt the powers of dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village. There is too much evidence now to deny it. However, I do feel that Hale is torn between what he feels emotionally, that so many outrageous accusations are being made and therefore something is wrong, and what he feels he must do, keep looking for signs of the Devil in the people of Salem. At the end of Act Two, we see Herrick come to the Proctor household. He has come to arrest Elizabeth by order of the court. Hale seems shocked and speaks with uncertainty about Elizabeths link with the Devil but goes on trusting that God will prevail, I shall pray God open up our eyes. In Act Three Hale has changed somewhat. Hale is not convinced at all with Elizabeth Proctors link with the Devil and also with many other people being held by the court. He is now starting to think and speak what the audience reading the play would be thinking and saying. When Elizabeth Proctor defends her husbands name by lying in the court, Hale cries out, Excellency, it is a natural lie to tell: I beg you stop now before another is condemned! This means that Hale thinks that the people who have been condemned are innocent and it cannot go on. He speaks exactly what everyone reading the play will be thinking in their heads. By the end of Act Three I dont think that there is any doubt I the readers head and that of Hales that the witchcraft is being made up and that Abigail is behind the hysteria. This girl has always struck me false! Abigail begins to twist the court away from believing Proctors and Mary Warrens story when they are summoned to the court to talk about the Poppet. She starts to scream and point at the ceiling, insisting that there is a yellow bird up there. The other girls soon follow suit and start to pretend as well. Mary Warren cannot handle this and soon returns to the group of girls where she feels safer. She now lays an accusation of witchcraft on to Proctor. (pointing at Proctor): Youre the Devils man! Hale once again speaks for the audience, You cannot believe them! I see nothing, Your Honour! and Excellency, this childs gone wild! Hale sees that everyone has been engulfed by this mass hysteria and so he walks out of court, he doesnt want to be involved in these false accusations any longer. I denounce these proceedings I quit this court! In Act Four, Hale is no longer the strong, influential character he was at the beginning of the play. He is now trying to get the convicted prisoners to confess so as to save their lives. I think this perhaps show some guilt on Hales head. He was drawn into believing the accusations and freely did his job, basically condemning people to death. Hale asks the people to abandon their principles and confess.

Pakistan Essay -- essays research papers

Pakistan: Foreign Policy Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and culture for both the East and West has been the cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the community of the different developed nations. During the last 20 years Pakistan's economy has been one of the fastest growing in the world-the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy). Pakistan's economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic product growing at more than six percent a year. It is now a member of the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (www.forisb.org/fpolicy). Pakistan is strategically located in close proximity to the affluent Middle East. It is in position geographically to be a gateway of trade for many land-locked countries, such as Afghanistan and those of central Asia. It is also in proximity to the enormous East Asian Markets. The trade relations of Pakistan have been very diverse, for trade has been opened between them and countries in the Middle East as well as the Far East. The trade policy in Pakistan has been dramatically changed over the last few years. One of the main policies for trade through Pakistan is†¦ in order to decrease man...

The Relationship of Procrastination and Self-Esteem on the Failing Grades

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-ESTEEM AND PROCRASTINATION ON THE FAILING GRADES OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO, KABACAN, COTABATO PAMELA CLAIRE C. GARROTE A Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of Psychology, College Of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN PSYCHOLOGY MARCH 2013 INTRODUCTION College is a fun, exciting, and challenging experience for most students, but for some, it is simply too much to handle.Few high school students are aware of what college life is like. Unlike in high school, college classes usually require a large amount of time spent outside class, working for the class, and some students do not understand the importance of this. A surprisingly large number of college freshmen have extremely poor time-management skills, which can lead to more time, spent partying than studying, which is the main cause of failing tests. All of these are causes of the students ultimately flunking out of college.Self-esteem is the overall self-evaluation of one’s self, this is according to Myers. It is said to be the most important in helping the person grow. You cannot achieve a certain goal if you don’t have it. With a high level of self-esteem, it can help you in your studies, at work and in dealing with other people. Procrastination, in layman’s term, it said to be wasting your time. This dilemma is very common especially in those who are studying. With this kind of attitude there are most likely to be successful.Many students entering college have extremely poor time management skills. One major problem is procrastination. Some students will wait till the night before a project is due before starting it, quickly rushing through the project, making careless errors, and getting little rest that night. Another self-destructive habit many college students have is cramming for tests. Often this cramm ing session takes place the night before, or even the morning of, the test, wherein the student tries to cover many weeks worth of material in a few hours.This method of studying is almost worthless because the student will never retain any of the knowledge he or she â€Å"studied. Objectives of the Study The purpose of this study wants to know the relationship of self-esteem and procrastination on the failing grades of the college students of University of Southern Mindanao, specifically aims to: 1. Measure the level of their self-esteem. 2. Know if self-esteem and procrastination create a big impact in their failing grades. Significance of the Study The outcome of this study can be very helpful, especially to the locale of the study.If this study will be conducted successfully, those students who have failing grades because of low self-esteem and are procrastinating can be serving as participants in seminars such as boosting your self-esteem. It can be beneficial to the universit y they can also help improve the education of the students. Scope and Delimitation This study focuses on the self-esteem and procrastination and its possible relation to the failing grades of the college students of USM. The participants were chosen regardless of their age, sex/gender, ethnicity, and financial ability.The participants were also those who have failing grades. Hypothesis of the Study Ho: There is no relationship of self-esteem and procrastination on failing grades. Theoretical Framework Individual Psychology was founded by  Alfred Adler. It is a cognitive, goal-oriented, social psychology interested in a person’s beliefs and perceptions, as well as the effects that person’s behavior has on others. It is one of the few psychologies interested in democratic processes in the home, school and work place.Individual Psychology promotes social equality, which means granting each other mutual respect and dignity regardless of our inherent differences. It is no t a set of techniques but a comprehensive philosophy of living. The three most fundamental principles are: (1) behavior is goal oriented; (2) humans are fundamentally social, with a desire to belong and have a place of value as an equal human being; and (3) the individual is indivisible and functions with unity of personality (Ferguson, 1984).These principles, which make Individual Psychology unique from other approaches, are described in Adlerian psychology as  purposiveness,  social interest, and  holism. Together, these principles describe the person as moving in unity toward self-chosen goals that reflect a human value for belonging and social contribution. Conceptual Framework In this study, self-esteem (IV) is also the basis to the participants’ overall self-evaluation and procrastination (IV) as the basis in determining the student’s behavior in school.And failing grades (DV) will be the basis in getting the needed data. Failing Grades Self-esteem Procrast ination Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the relationship of self – esteem and procrastination on the failing grades of the participants. Operational Definition of Terms METHODOLOGY Research Design The relationship of self-esteem and procrastination on failing grades will use the survey and correlational analysis research design to obtain baseline information on the failing grades of the college students of USM.Respondents of the Study The respondents of the study are those college students who have failing grades last semester school year 2013-2014. Locale of the Study The locale of the study is located on the northern part of Region XII, specifically on the town of Kabacan, where the University of Southern Mindanao is located. This is a state university, with a population of more or less fifteen (15) thousand students. The main college to be conducted with the survey is the College of Arts and Sciences.In this college, there are eight (8) courses. These are: Bachelor of Ar ts in Psychology, Bachelor of Science in Development Communication, Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Bachelor of Science in Criminology, BLISS, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Bachelor of Science in Biology and Bachelor of Arts in English. This college has a population of more or less five (5) thousand students. Data Gathering Procedure The researcher of this study will get the probationary list in each course of the College of Arts and Sciences.These courses are Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, Bachelor of Science in Development Communication, Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Bachelor of Science in Criminology, BLISS, Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Bachelor of Science in Biology and Bachelor of Arts in English. After having the list, the researcher will communicate with those students who are included in the list and the researcher will let them take the tests, which are the self-esteem and procrastination tests. The researcher will limit to fifty (50) respondents d epending on the availability of the students.

Go Green

You hear the word recycling or going green many time trough the years. It is such an important environmental issue and yet, not much is done about this issue. If you ask a random person on the street what they think about recycling, they would say â€Å"it’s good for the environment. † Even though there are so many things said about going green or recycling, not much is done. Recycling can help the environment and we the creatures all around the world.Recycling is important for the environment because recycling reduces greenhouse gas issue and helps stem the dangers of global climate change. If people do not recycle, there would be habitat loss for the many species of magnificent creatures that accompanying us. Recycling reduces the need for raw materials so that the rainforests can be preserved. Possibly a more important reason to recycle is because it will reduce pollution risks in our society.The most obvious way is by keeping waste out of landfills, which introduces contaminants and other toxins into groundwater systems. Recycling also keeps materials out of incinerators, which pollutes the air and create severe ash residue, which is very dangerous for the health. Furthermore, reduce financial output in the economy, making products from raw materials costs much more than if they were made from recycled products. What can you do to recycle? Here are three easy steps you can do.Firstly, you can separate plastic, aluminum, glass, and paper, into different container or bags. Secondly, you can turn the water off when you’re not using it. Thirdly, you can switch to energy- efficient light bulb, which saves you money. In conclusion, Recycling is one of the best ways for you to have a positive impact on the world in which we live. Recycling is important to both the natural environment and us. By doing at least three things can help the planet which we stand.

Top 7 Apps to Make You Fluent in English [Guest Post]

Top 7 Apps to Make You Fluent in English [Guest Post] Learning English can be as fun as it can be frustrating and sometimes, even dull. With so many apps out there for your every need, why not let an app make the whole process of learning a language more fun for you? With these apps, you’ll have the ultimate convenience of selecting the things you want to learn and have self-paced lessons. Just pop out your phone anywhere, even while waiting in a long queue, open the app, and start learning. It’s that simple. But, how to choose an English-learning app that’s actually effective and not all glitter? Well, you don’t have to worry about that, since I have curated a list of the top 7 apps that would help you and make you more fluent in English, whether you are just a beginner or someone looking to sharpen their English skills further: 1- Duolingo Downloads 6,717,296 Rating 4.7/5 Duolingo, a free language learning platform (with no hidden costs), has a catalog of over 20 languages including English. As soon as you’ll open the app, you’ll be transported into a world full of fun graphics and bright colors. Each lesson consists of speaking, listening, translation and multiple choice challenges, and you can instantly see where you went wrong with the in-lesson Grading. The app will adapt to your proficiency level as well as your time and set daily goals accordingly giving you a tailored experience. But what makes it so popular and effective? The app has combined language learning with addictive gamification through its bite-sized lessons, where you get awarded points for correct answers, and lose ‘Hearts’ for every incorrect answer while racing against the clock. 2- Memrise Downloads 1,153,288 Rating 4.7/5 Memrise focuses on vocabulary building and grammar through repetition and creating vivid sensory memories. The app follows the same gamification format with a tailored experience catering to your preferences as Duolingo but has other exciting features such as chatbots, and over 30,000 native speaker videos. You get to learn from the locals and work on your pronunciation and context through various videos and audios. The free version has over 200 language combinations, and the learn and review feature. While the pro version that costs a pocket-friendly $4.90 each month has more features such as Grammarbot, Video mode, and difficult words mode etc. In addition to this, Memrise has a thriving community of over 35 million users where users share audio, usage, etymologies, mnemonics etc, and help each other learn. The app also has an offline mode making your learning experience more convenient. 3 busuu Downloads 227,739 Rating 4.3/5 Busuu has a community of 80 million members and language lessons for 12 languages including English. The platform claims to teach you to speak a language in 10 minutes a day. The app is designed to fulfill all your English learning needs and comes with features such as placement test to help you start from the right difficulty level, a study plan, flash cards, certifications, help from natives, grammar exercises, vocabulary builder, accent training, full courses (over 150 Units per language), travel course, and the offline mode. Taking a more ‘human’ approach, the app allows you to converse with the native speakers to understand the nuances of the English language. That way youll be able to sharpen your skills and speak English almost as a native speaker.   To avail all these app features, you’ll have to go premium which has 4 plans ranging from $6/ month for a 24-month plan to $11/month for a 3-month plan. 4 Rosetta Stone Downloads 181,732 Rating 4.5/5 Instead of giving you a list of words to memorize, Rosetta Stone follows a unique approach to teaching English by connecting words with sights and sounds. The whole Rosetta journey puts an emphasis on learners to learn English intuitively, rather than through translation. To ensure that you learn to think and express yourself in English confidently, the app has features such as practicing to pronounce words and reading stories aloud with TruAccent, a speech recognition technology, studying grammar and vocabulary through seeing, hearing, speaking, reading, and writing only in English, preparing you for real-life conversations by having actual conversations with native tutors and chat with other learners. Some other features of the app are Downloadable Lessons, Phrasebook a guidebook to perfectly pronouncing key expressions, audio companion, and stories. You can either choose plans that come with tutor ranging from $18/month for 24 months to $52/month for 3 months or the more pocket-friendly but without tutor plans ranging from $11/month for 24 months to $18/month for 3 months. 5 Mondly Downloads 116,362 Rating 4.7/5 Mondly focuses on teaching language through a more conversational style. You can choose between three levels beginner, intermediate and advanced. The lesson starts with a simple conversation between two native speakers and teaches basic English words through it which you’ll then use to build sentences and phrases through various quizzes. This will be followed up by you reconstructing the conversation with your voice. The app uses technology like Speech Recognition and Spaced Repetition Algorithms to make the lessons more effective. Further, the lessons are divided into categories such as Daily Lesson, Grammar, Travel, and Introductions, etc, so, you can pick your lesson according to your needs. The other features of the app are verb conjugations, advanced statistics, the leaderboard, and adaptive learning where the app adapts to your way of learning. While many features can be accessed for free, to unlock all the content which includes 1000 lessons and conversations, 5000 words and phrases, and 365 lessons each year, you’ll have to upgrade to a premium account which has 3 plans ranging between $12 for one month to $5/month for 12 months. 6 HelloTalk Downloads 89,749 Rating 4.4/5 HelloTalk has an active worldwide community of over 10 million people. It is different from the other mentioned apps as it is based on ‘communication, not curriculum’. To put it simply, through HelloTalk, you can learn by chatting. The app matches you with people whose need match yours and connects you with native speakers of other languages (which includes English) and you can learn English by conversing with your ‘partners’ through texts, audio and voice messages as well as free audio and video calls. You can also post a ‘moment’ where you can share an update or post a question about language, culture or travel for native speakers to see and comment on. Therefore, through HelloTalk, not only can you learn a new language but also get to know a new culture through a native. The app also has learning features which include language translation, transliteration, grammar correction, text to voice, and voice recognition to improve your writing and speaking skills. 7 Beelinguapp Downloads 26,312 Rating 4.8/5 What better (and more interesting) way to learn English than through stories? This is the idea that Beelinguaapp is based on, it lets you read and listen to stories in different languages side by side. So, you can read the text and hear audio in English, and use the text and audio in your language for reference. You can choose between children’s stories, short stories, fairy tales, novels and more! The audiobooks and the Karaoke style animation reader will make learning English simpler and more fun. You can learn at your own pace while choosing the genre and learning level according to your preferences. Wrapping Up With these 7 apps, you’ll find learning English much more fun and even addictive. There’s an app for everyone, whether you are looking for fun games or learning through chatting, you can try them out, and pick the one that caters to your needs the most. While learning English, you might find your mind wandering, which would ultimately lead you to stare at your books for hours without absorbing anything. So, to help you further, I have a blog on the 21 Best Productivity Apps That Every Student Must Have which will help you not only be productive but also utilize your study sessions to the most! Author: Abhyank Srine Abhyank Srinet holds a Masters in Management degree from ESCP Europe has an engineering degree with a specialization in Instrumentation Control. His interest in the digital landscape motivated him to create an online start-up for Masters in Management application consulting (MiM-Insider.com), focused on spreading quality information about the MiM degree performing application consulting services for clients. He is the chief consultant of the company and takes care of Business Development and Digital Marketing side of the company. He is very passionate about writing and marketing.

Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection System

Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection System ABSTRACT DETECTION OF EXUDATES USING GUI Automated diabetic retinopathy detection system is an essential requirement due to developing diabetic retinopathy patients around the globe. The primary intention of the research is to detect exudates in digital fundus image for diabetic retinopathy. In this particular study, we provide an efficient method for identifying and classifying the exudates as soft exudates and hard exudates. Apart from these, this study compares three methods namely Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Histogram Equalization and Mahalanobis Distance for enhancing a digital fundus image to detect and choose the best one to classify exudates in Retinal images by adopting graphical user interface with the help of MATLAB. From the findings of the study, in the image enhancement application of blood vessels, Mahalanobis distance is recognized as the best algorithm. It was evident from the analysis that the monitoring and detecting exudates in the f undus of the eye are essential for diabetic patients. Moreover, it shows that hard and soft exudates are a primary tool of diabetic retinopathy that can be quantified automatically. In addition to these, it appears that drawbacks must be resolved to predict an appropriate detection method for exudates in digital fundus images. From the findings, it was evident that suitable algorithm has to be selected and verified on several images which provide likely and excellent outcomes. LIST OF TABLES Comparison of Histogram Equalization (HE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and Mahalanobis Distance(MD)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 LIST OF FIGURE Image before enhancement Histogram before enhancement Image after histogram equalization Histogram after HE Image after CLAHE Histogram after CLAHE Image after Mahalanobis distance enhancement Histogram after Mahalanobis distance enhancement Flow chart of the method CIELab color space Input image K- means clustered image Morphological image Dilated image Eroded image Optic disc detection Exudates image   Hard and soft exudates Input DFI   Enhancement methods of DFI Step-1 of exudate detection Step-2 by giving input image Step-3 enhancing input image Step-4 exudates image of abnormal eye Normal eye output displaying no exudates LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHE Adaptive Histogram Equalization CIE Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage CLAHE Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key DRD iabetic Retinopathy DFI Digital Fundus Image HE Histogram Equalization MD Mahalanobis Distance MM Mathematical Morphology RGB Red, Green, Blue RRGS Recursive Region Growing Segmentation Chapter 1 Introduction Research Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a common disease nowadays that can prevail in anyone having type 1 or type-2 diabetes. The opportunity of being influenced by this d isease relies on the time duration of a person having diabetes. Long-term diabetes leads to greater blood sugar level that causes harm by changing the flow of blood in retinal blood vessels. It is similar that in the previous stage DR shows no symptoms and hence without facing medical investigation it is not feasible to predict the existence of the disease. Exudative retinopathy is a condition referred by the occurrence of yellow or white mass that exists due to leakage of proteins and fats along with water from vessels of blood in the retina. It is important to predict the exudates occurrence in fundus oculi because the collection of these exudates may lead to complete loss of vision (Manpreetkaur, 2015). Walter et al. (2001) has mentioned that the disease of DR evolved exudates in eye fundus. The physicians regard exudates as one of the primary indicators of DR severity. Exudates are yellow spot resided in fundus. This disease of diabetes causes leakage of fluid from vessels of bl ood. For a long time, uncontrolled diabetes may evolve as exudates in eye fundus. The exudates initiate to develop in little number and size. If the diabetes is not monitored or controlled for a long time the number and size of exudates will grow. The exudates growth in eye fundus may cause blindness. Tasman and Jaeger (2001) have stated that exudates seem as bright deposits of yellow-white on the retina due to lipid leakage from abnormal vessels. Their size and shape differ with various stages of retinopathy. These lesions are related to many diseases of retinal vascular involving DME (diabetic macular edema), DR (diabetic retinopathy), retinal venous obstruction, hypertensive retinopathy, radiation retinopathy and retinal arterial microaneurysms, capillary hemangioma of retina and disease of the coat. Welfera et al. (2010) have stated that exudation is a hazardous case because it can lead to a loss of vision when existing in the central macular area. Thus such lesions must be pred icted, and appropriate medical intervention must be acquired to avoid damages to visual acuity of the patient. Automatic exudates detection in DR patients’ retinas could enhance early prediction of DR and could support doctors track the treatment progress over time. Thus it can be inferred that exudates detection by computer could provide a precise and rapid diagnosis to specialist examination and support the clinician to acquire timely decision to take proper treatment. Problem Statement: Diabetes is a rapidly developing common disease among people globally which causes various organs dysfunction. Diabetic retinopathy is the primary blindness cause in adults. Sometimes, due to long-term diabetes, the retinal blood vessels are harmed, this eye disease is known as diabetic retinopathy. It is essential to automatically predict the lesions of diabetic retinopathy at an early stage to hinder further loss of vision. Exudates are significant diabetic retinopathy symptoms. Exu dates are bright lesions that are an important sign of this disease. It is the major signs of DR a major vision loss cause in diabetic patients. Primary concern of the research Aim: The primary goal of the study is to analyze an automated way for exudates in eyes. Objectives: To examine the causes of exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients. To analyze the types of exudates used in digital fund images. To evaluate the different enhancement methods used to predict the exudates in fundus images. To determine the drawbacks of enhancement methods of exudates in digital fundus images. To propose a promising algorithm to detect the exudates in digital fundus images. Limitations of the study: This study is limited to diabetic retinopathy patients. This study is restricted to exudates detection only. This study evaluates an automated way for exudates in eyes. The structure of the thesis This argument is made up of the following five chapters: Chapter 1: This is the introduction section that gives the necessary research background andconcepts related to the research. Chapter 2 : This chapter is the review of literature that analyzes several existing worksrelated to finding an automated way for exudates in eyes. Chapter 3: This chapter describes the design of the system that explains in detailabout the enhancement methods applied in digital fundus image for detection of diabetic retinopathy. Chapter 4: This chapter discusses the implementation plan of digital fundus images and compares different researches done by authors and depicts the results of the proposed system. Chapter 5: This is the conclusion section that gives the outcome of the research byanswering the research questions and recommendations for future improvement. In addition to that, this thesis has bibliography containing the sources used in collecting secondary data in the study and an appendix that has tools like questionnaires are utili zed in the gathering primary data for the research. Chapter-2 Literature Review Introduction : This chapter provides an overview on the detection of exudates in digital fundus image for diabetic retinopathy. This chapter discusses in detail about the digital fundus image. In addition to these, this chapter discusses in detail about the classification of exudates in retinal images. Apart from these, this study provides the comparison of Histogram equalization (HE), contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and Mahalanobis distance (MD) methods to enhance the digital fundus image for detection. Literature on Digital fundus images The benefits of digital imaging are rate of access to information (images), quick and accurate duplication, chronicling and transmission, and prompt access to the outcomes. The imaging technique can be rehashed if the nature of the underlying result is deficient. Despite the fact that film-based images can be digitized (to registe r macular color thickness conveyance from two different wavelength-based pictures or to evaluate the status of the optic nerve), quick access to the images is unrealistic, as it is important to build up the film first. This deferral keeps the picture from checking the outcomes and in this manner redressing any issue in the procurement procedure, which can be efficiently accomplished in digital imaging at no extra cost. The digitization of fundus photos was tended to by (Cideciyan et al., 1991) who proposed a nonlinear rebuilding model fusing four parts: the eye, the fundus camera, the film and the scanner. Scholl et al. (2004) observed digitized images to be valuable for evaluating age-connected maculopathy and age-connected macular degeneration. Comparison Table 1: Comparison of Histogram Equalization (HE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and Mahalanobis Distance (MD) Histogram equalization Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalizatio n Mahalanobis distance This technique is based on the specification of the histogram. CLAHE is considered as the necessary preprocessing step, and it has the tendency to generate the images for extracting the features of a pixel in the classification process. This method has carried out by identifying the pixels of the background images only by leaving the foreground images. HE is relatively straightforward technique and an invertible operator. Indiscrimination is one of the biggest disadvantages of this method. CLAHE is also denoted as the automatic and efficient method to detect the exudates effectively. The selective enhancement of MD has created the fewer artifacts for further processing than HE and CLAHE. HE has used the neighborhood-based approach on the pixels, and it has the tendency to operate based on the modification of histogram to obtain the new images efficiently. The technique of CLAHE has the capabilit y to provide the green channel image enhancement with high quality. This method can produce the similar curve to the Gaussian-shaped curve ideally. HE has uniformly distributed the output histogram by using the cumulated histogram like the mapping function. CLAHE has limited the process of amplification by clipping the histogram at the predefined value. MD algorithm has given better histogram result when compared to HE and CLAHE Research gap : This study examines about the detection of exudates in digital fundus image for diabetic retinopathy. The research gap predicted in this study is that there are many studies on the detection of exudates in digital fundus image for diabetic retinopathy. But no studies have clearly determined the successful approaches towards the detection of diabetic retinopathy in fundus images. Detection and classification of diabetic retinopathy pathologies in fundus images have been investigated by Agurto (2012). He s tudied the effects of image compression and degradation on an automatic diabetic retinopathy screening algorithm. In addition to these, the Agurto et al. (2012) investigated the detection of hard exudates and red lesions in the macula using the multi-scale approach. Walter et al. (2002) carried out an investigation to contribute the image processing to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Authors also focused on automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy from eye fundus images (Manpreetkaur, 2015). There are also studies that are focused on coarse-to-fine strategy for automatically identifying exudates in color eye fundus images. Chapter-3 Research Design Introduction: This part examines the design of the study to determine an automated way for finding exudates in eyes. This study compares three methods namely CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization), Histogram Equalization (HE) and Mahalanobis Distance (MD) for enhancing a digital fundus image to detect and choose the best one to classify exudates in Retinal images by adopting graphical user interface in MATLAB. Research design: The reason of the study is to detect exudates in digital fundus image for diabetic retinopathy. In this particular study, we provide an efficient method for identifying and classifying the exudates as soft exudates and hard exudates. The retinal image seen in the CIELab space of the color is pre-processed for eliminating noise. Further, a network of blood vessels is removed for facilitating detection and removing the optic disc. At the same time, optic disc is removed using the technique of Hough transform. Candidate exudates are identified using the method of k-means clustering. At last, exudates are categorized as the soft and hard one by their threshold and edge energy. Developed method has yielded better outcomes. Histogram Equalization: Histogram equalization is a technique for adjusting image intensities to enhance contrast. HE is an operatio n that is based on histogram specification or modification to obtain new pictures. The objective of this contrast enhancement technique is to get a new enhanced image that has a uniform histogram that only plots the frequency at each gray-level from 0 (black) to 255 (white). Each histogram represents the frequency of occurrence of all gray-level in the image. Figure 1: Image before enhancement Figure 2: Histogram before equalization Figure 3: Image after histogram equalization Figure 4: Histogram after histogram equalization Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization: CLAHE is considered as a locally adaptive method for contrast enhancement. CLAHE is an enhanced version of adaptive HE (AHE) method. The technique AHE has a realistic restriction that homogenous part in the image leads to over-amplification of noise due to thin series of pixels are plotted to a whole range of visualization. In the meantime, it was noticed that contrast limited AHE (CLAHE) was designed for preventing this noise over-amplification in homogenous regions. CLAHE restricts the sound amplification in the image in such a way that image looks like very real. Figure 5: Image after CLAHE Figure 6: Histogram after CLAHE Mahalanobis Distance: Image enhancement using the Mahalanobis distance method is performed by identifying the background image pixels and eliminating them, leaving only the foreground image. It is based on the assumption that in image neighborhood N, the background pixels has significantly different intensity value than those of the foreground pixels. For each pixel (x, y) in the picture, the mean  µn (x, y) and the standard deviation à Ã†â€™n (x, y) of the statistical distribution of intensities in N are estimated. The sample means;  µn is used as the estimator for  µn (x, y) and the e sample standard deviation; à Ã†â€™ n is the estimator for à Ã†â€™n (x, y). If the intensity of pixel (x, y) is close to the mea n intensity in N, it is considered to belong to the background set ÃŽÂ ². As defined mathematically in Eq. 1, the expression implies that pixel (x, y) belongs to ÃŽÂ ² if the stated condition is satisfied. Those images would later be combined to evaluate the MD image, which can be segmented using the threshold t to identify the background pixels. Figure 7: Image after MD enhancement Figure 8: Histogram after MD enhancement Summary: This research compares three methods namely CLAHE, HE, MD to enhance a digital fundus image to detect and choose the best one to classify exudates in Retinal images by adopting graphical user interface in MATLAB. It was evident from the above findings that candidate exudates are identified using the technique of Mahalanobis Distance enhancement.

Sustainable tourism practice and planning Essay

Sustainable tourism practice and planning - Essay Example It attracts over six hundred thousand visitors every year (Dale and Oliver, 2005:42). There are other tourist attraction sites such as national parks, landscapes, and many castles around Wales. All these and many others warrants this paper a closer insight into tourism practices and plans that can bring out sustainability to a wider group of Welsh inhabitants. Wales has three national parks namely Pembroke shire Coast National Park, Snowdonia National Park, and Brecon Beacons National Park. Presence of these national parks contributes to tones of positive effects of tourism into the country’s social, economic, and political as well as cultural related results. This paper will give a critical outlook into the positive and negative impacts of tourism basing the analysis on Pembroke shire Coast National Park as the destination of my choice. To begin with, tourism creates employment opportunities for many local people bordering the Pembroke shire Coast National Park. Documented ev idence shows that, in 2002, the country received over eight million tourists who led to the creation of 100,000-service sector jobs an amount, which is more than 8 percent of the country’s total workforce (Pitchford, 2008: 113-115). In addition, Cardiff, which is the capital city of Wales, is another tourist attraction site. ... Every national park in Wales has an authority ensuring operations of the site are in good terms. Each authority has two statutory purposes that resolve to enhancement and conservation of the natural beauty, cultural heritage, and wildlife in the area. Additionally, the authority operates purposefully to promote public’s enjoyment and understanding opportunities of the park’s special qualities. By participating in these duties, national park authorities promote cultural awareness and foster social well being of their communities. Cognitively, the government uses the income generated form tourism to develop local infrastructure (Dwyer and Forsyth, 2006: 326). It spends the money on developing new roads and airports. Due to growth of tourists’ adventurous activities and special interests holidays, the business has led to a wide range of offerings and accommodation services. This business investment structure has not only led to sports and outdoor activities, but als o resulted to improved education, health, crafts, and other social benefits to the locals of Pembroke shire. Tourists bring in foreign currency. This foreign currency can help locals by improving their social standards of living. It helps provide clean water and sanitation services. As such, the livelihoods of the local people transform significantly. Tourism industry is an important national economic booster as it plays a key role in shaping the economic factors leading to its improvement. It rolls out both environmental and landscape shapes of the communities around Pembroke shire national park. Tourism is the lifeline for the majority of businesses in most communities